{
 "study": "s21",
 "version": "1.1",
 "collected": [
  "2026-09-26",
  "2026-09-28"
 ],
 "reanalyzed": "2026-09-28",
 "statistics": {
  "reanalyzed": "2026-09-28",
  "collected": [
   "2026-09-26",
   "2026-09-28"
  ],
  "coding_community": {
   "items": 548,
   "agreement_pct": 89.4,
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  "coding_need": {
   "items": 1568,
   "agreement_pct": 84.6,
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  },
  "coding_claim_role": {
   "items": 250,
   "agreement_pct": 72.8,
   "kappa": 0.66
  },
  "coding_claim_support": {
   "items": 250,
   "agreement_pct": 74.0,
   "kappa": 0.61
  },
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   "found": 1855,
   "with_comments": 1811,
   "removed_or_deleted_post": 100
  },
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    "pct": 17.9,
    "lo": 10.7,
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   "AI Mode": {
    "pct": 9.8,
    "lo": 5.2,
    "hi": 15.6,
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   },
   "chatgpt": {
    "pct": 0.0,
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    "hi": 4.6,
    "k": 0,
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   "gemini": {
    "pct": 2.5,
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   "perplexity": {
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   "claude": {
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   "B2B software and technology": {
    "pct": 35.4,
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   },
   "Financial services and insurance": {
    "pct": 5.7,
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   },
   "Franchises and multi-location brands": {
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   },
   "Healthcare and dental": {
    "pct": 7.0,
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   },
   "Home and local services": {
    "pct": 37.7,
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    "k": 20,
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   },
   "Hospitality and travel": {
    "pct": 16.1,
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    "hi": 27.2,
    "k": 10,
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   },
   "Legal and professional services": {
    "pct": 15.0,
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   },
   "Retail and ecommerce": {
    "pct": 10.3,
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  },
  "by_intent_ao": {
   "commercial": {
    "pct": 16.4,
    "lo": 12.2,
    "hi": 21.6,
    "k": 39,
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   "informational": {
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    "k": 25,
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   "navigational": {
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   "transactional": {
    "pct": 20.5,
    "lo": 13.2,
    "hi": 30.4,
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    "n": 83
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  },
  "by_need_ao": {
   "brand_navigation": {
    "pct": 11.2,
    "lo": 6.0,
    "hi": 20.0,
    "k": 9,
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   },
   "choice": {
    "pct": 28.9,
    "lo": 22.3,
    "hi": 36.6,
    "k": 44,
    "n": 152
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   "cost": {
    "pct": 8.9,
    "lo": 4.8,
    "hi": 16.1,
    "k": 9,
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   "fact": {
    "pct": 21.3,
    "lo": 12.9,
    "hi": 33.1,
    "k": 13,
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   "how_to": {
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    "lo": 8.7,
    "hi": 32.0,
    "k": 7,
    "n": 40
   },
   "local_provider": {
    "pct": 9.6,
    "lo": 4.2,
    "hi": 20.6,
    "k": 5,
    "n": 52
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  "by_need_aim": {
   "brand_navigation": {
    "pct": 2.7,
    "lo": 0.7,
    "hi": 9.2,
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   },
   "choice": {
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   "cost": {
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   "fact": {
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    "hi": 23.0,
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   "how_to": {
    "pct": 4.3,
    "lo": 0.8,
    "hi": 21.0,
    "k": 1,
    "n": 23
   },
   "local_provider": {
    "pct": 6.0,
    "lo": 2.9,
    "hi": 11.8,
    "k": 7,
    "n": 117
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   "model": "linear probability, AI Overview cites a Reddit thread, need + industry, SE clustered by seed topic",
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    "need:brand_navigation": {
     "pp": -3.3,
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    "need:choice": {
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    "need:cost": {
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     "hi": 11.0,
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    "need:how_to": {
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    "need:local_provider": {
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     "lo": 27.1,
     "hi": 40.6,
     "k": 62,
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    "cites_reddit_when_google_showed_none": {
     "pct": 8.3,
     "lo": 5.7,
     "hi": 12.0,
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     "n": 301
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    "threads_shown": 243,
    "shown_threads_cited": {
     "pct": 16.9,
     "lo": 12.7,
     "hi": 22.1,
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     "n": 243
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    "cited_by_band_rate": {
     "organic 1-3": {
      "pct": 27.3,
      "lo": 19.5,
      "hi": 36.8,
      "k": 27,
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     },
     "organic 4-10": {
      "pct": 14.9,
      "lo": 8.9,
      "hi": 23.9,
      "k": 13,
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     },
     "forum box only": {
      "pct": 1.8,
      "lo": 0.3,
      "hi": 9.3,
      "k": 1,
      "n": 57
     }
    },
    "citations": 89,
    "cited_band_share": {
     "organic 1-3": 30.3,
     "organic 4-10": 14.6,
     "forum box only": 1.1,
     "not shown": 53.9
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   },
   "AI Mode": {
    "answers": 400,
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     "pct": 19.5,
     "lo": 13.4,
     "hi": 27.6,
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     "pct": 5.7,
     "lo": 3.5,
     "hi": 9.0,
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     "n": 282
    },
    "threads_shown": 160,
    "shown_threads_cited": {
     "pct": 5.6,
     "lo": 3.0,
     "hi": 10.3,
     "k": 9,
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    "cited_by_band_rate": {
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      "pct": 11.6,
      "lo": 6.0,
      "hi": 21.2,
      "k": 8,
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     },
     "organic 4-10": {
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      "k": 1,
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     "forum box only": {
      "pct": 0.0,
      "lo": 0.0,
      "hi": 10.2,
      "k": 0,
      "n": 34
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    },
    "citations": 43,
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     "organic 4-10": 2.3,
     "forum box only": 0.0,
     "not shown": 79.1
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   }
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  "depth_t100": {
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   "with_reddit_cited": 18,
   "with_reddit_in_top100": 355,
   "reddit_threads_in_top100": 1142,
   "citations": 27,
   "cite_rate_by_band": {
    "1-3": {
     "pct": 5.9,
     "lo": 3.1,
     "hi": 10.9,
     "k": 9,
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    },
    "4-10": {
     "pct": 0.5,
     "lo": 0.1,
     "hi": 2.9,
     "k": 1,
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    },
    "11-20": {
     "pct": 0.0,
     "lo": 0.0,
     "hi": 2.2,
     "k": 0,
     "n": 170
    },
    "21-50": {
     "pct": 0.0,
     "lo": 0.0,
     "hi": 0.9,
     "k": 0,
     "n": 403
    },
    "51-100": {
     "pct": 0.0,
     "lo": 0.0,
     "hi": 1.7,
     "k": 0,
     "n": 225
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   },
   "threads_11_100": 798,
   "cited_rank_band": {
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    "beyond 100": 17,
    "1-3": 9
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  },
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   "design": "every Reddit thread Google showed or its AI cited for the same search; conditional logit stratified by search (s26, s28, t100 AI Overview and AI Mode searches); searches where all or none of the threads were cited drop out",
   "univariate": {
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     "n_rows": 301,
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     "n_positive": 119,
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       "scale": "per SD"
      }
     }
    },
    "text_overlap": {
     "n_rows": 301,
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     "n_positive": 119,
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       "or": 1.18,
       "lo": 0.86,
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       "p": 0.313,
       "scale": "per SD"
      }
     }
    },
    "title_question": {
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     "n_positive": 119,
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      "title_question": {
       "or": 1.18,
       "lo": 0.7,
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       "p": 0.543,
       "scale": "0/1"
      }
     }
    },
    "log_comments": {
     "n_rows": 301,
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     "n_positive": 119,
     "terms": {
      "log_comments": {
       "or": 2.65,
       "lo": 1.8,
       "hi": 3.88,
       "p": 6.21e-07,
       "scale": "per SD"
      }
     }
    },
    "log_score": {
     "n_rows": 301,
     "n_groups": 100,
     "n_positive": 119,
     "terms": {
      "log_score": {
       "or": 1.44,
       "lo": 1.08,
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       "scale": "per SD"
      }
     }
    },
    "age_years": {
     "n_rows": 301,
     "n_groups": 100,
     "n_positive": 119,
     "terms": {
      "age_years": {
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       "scale": "per SD"
      }
     }
    },
    "log_text_words": {
     "n_rows": 301,
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      "log_text_words": {
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     }
    },
    "first_person": {
     "n_rows": 301,
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       "or": 0.83,
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       "scale": "per SD"
      }
     }
    },
    "price_mentions": {
     "n_rows": 301,
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     "n_positive": 119,
     "terms": {
      "price_mentions": {
       "or": 1.06,
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      }
     }
    },
    "numbers": {
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      "numbers": {
       "or": 1.24,
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       "scale": "per SD"
      }
     }
    },
    "procedural": {
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      "procedural": {
       "or": 0.96,
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       "hi": 1.24,
       "p": 0.759,
       "scale": "per SD"
      }
     }
    },
    "lists": {
     "n_rows": 301,
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     "n_positive": 119,
     "terms": {
      "lists": {
       "or": 1.1,
       "lo": 0.56,
       "hi": 2.14,
       "p": 0.785,
       "scale": "0/1"
      }
     }
    },
    "specialist": {
     "n_rows": 301,
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     "n_positive": 119,
     "terms": {
      "specialist": {
       "or": 1.83,
       "lo": 0.73,
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       "scale": "0/1"
      }
     }
    },
    "product": {
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       "or": 1.7,
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      }
     }
    }
   },
   "joint": {
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     "text_overlap": {
      "or": 1.31,
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      "scale": "per SD"
     },
     "title_question": {
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      "hi": 1.64,
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      "scale": "0/1"
     },
     "log_comments": {
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      "hi": 4.6,
      "p": 6.76e-07,
      "scale": "per SD"
     },
     "age_years": {
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      "scale": "per SD"
     },
     "first_person": {
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     },
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     }
    }
   },
   "holm_p": {
    "log_comments": 8.69e-06,
    "log_score": 0.175,
    "log_text_words": 0.178,
    "age_years": 0.984,
    "numbers": 1.0,
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    "lists": 1.0,
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   }
  },
  "matched_model": {
   "design": "each thread cited in a 26 Sep Google AI answer against up to 3 threads from the same subreddit whose titles share the search's words and that no answer in our data cites; conditional logit stratified by matched set",
   "cases": 88,
   "controls": 264,
   "univariate": {
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     "n_rows": 352,
     "n_groups": 88,
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     "terms": {
      "title_overlap": {
       "or": 0.39,
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       "p": 1.5e-06,
       "scale": "per SD"
      }
     }
    },
    "text_overlap": {
     "n_rows": 352,
     "n_groups": 88,
     "n_positive": 88,
     "terms": {
      "text_overlap": {
       "or": 1.87,
       "lo": 1.32,
       "hi": 2.66,
       "p": 0.000484,
       "scale": "per SD"
      }
     }
    },
    "title_question": {
     "n_rows": 352,
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       "or": 2.77,
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       "scale": "0/1"
      }
     }
    },
    "log_comments": {
     "n_rows": 352,
     "n_groups": 88,
     "n_positive": 88,
     "terms": {
      "log_comments": {
       "or": 9.34,
       "lo": 4.89,
       "hi": 17.82,
       "p": 1.22e-11,
       "scale": "per SD"
      }
     }
    },
    "log_score": {
     "n_rows": 352,
     "n_groups": 88,
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     "terms": {
      "log_score": {
       "or": 2.29,
       "lo": 1.7,
       "hi": 3.1,
       "p": 6.81e-08,
       "scale": "per SD"
      }
     }
    },
    "age_years": {
     "n_rows": 352,
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     "n_positive": 88,
     "terms": {
      "age_years": {
       "or": 2.25,
       "lo": 1.64,
       "hi": 3.09,
       "p": 4.77e-07,
       "scale": "per SD"
      }
     }
    },
    "log_text_words": {
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     }
    },
    "first_person": {
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       "hi": 1.23,
       "p": 0.651,
       "scale": "per SD"
      }
     }
    },
    "price_mentions": {
     "n_rows": 352,
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       "scale": "per SD"
      }
     }
    },
    "numbers": {
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       "or": 1.35,
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       "scale": "per SD"
      }
     }
    },
    "procedural": {
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       "or": 1.2,
       "lo": 0.93,
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       "p": 0.152,
       "scale": "per SD"
      }
     }
    },
    "lists": {
     "n_rows": 352,
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       "scale": "0/1"
      }
     }
    }
   },
   "joint": {
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     },
     "title_question": {
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     },
     "log_comments": {
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}